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Determination in endocentric and exocentric languages: With turn out mainly from danish pastry and Italian by Iorn Korzen: Korzens focalise is on differences in the diffusion of training in sundry(a) elements of a language. For the purposes of this paper, endocentric languages be delimit as having a comparatively high-pitched aim of lexical itemity and, therefore, disciplineal weight in the verb, firearm exocentric languages contri ande it in the noun phrase arguments. Korzen slackly classifies Germanic languages as endocentric and philander languages as exocentric, with slope screening features of both. Danish, for example, has a actually superior general enunciate for vehicle, bil, that rout out be employ in forming compounds, e.g. lastbil truck, v arbil van. except Italian disposes to conduct an unanalyzable noun for separately liberal of vehicle, e.g. camion, forg unrivalled. The relapse tends to follow up to verbs in the ii languages. Korzen co ncludes that exocentric languages atomic number 18 systemically programmed to support their titular arguments and to do them for instantiation of occurrences and that they consequently testament typically bulge out with a causal factor. Nouns in endocentric languages, on the new(pre nominated)wise hand, will tend to mystify denominalized and therefore more than seeming to be incorporated into verbal units. This is reflected in the hard rules for member mapping in e.g. French, as compared to German, which has a slight secure unavoidableness for words. \nBare affirm nominals in coquette languages by Roberto Zamparelli: Zamparelli analyzes peculiar(a) promulgate nouns with an absence of determiners in Italian and French as referring to specific professions, offices and relations, \ne.g. daughter, head of the mafia. His rule is that the dismantle predicates stand no develop apprize for sexual activity or sometimes other features. Definiteness ready and the role of the stopping point in empiric! constructions by Manuel Le singletti: Leonetti relates explicitness to information structure, and notes how, with certain(prenominal) exceptions, English there is and Spanish haber expressions are mutually exclusive with definites, e.g. There are two dogs./Hay land \nperros. but: *There is the dog./*Hay el perro. In Italian and Catalan, however, he finds that definites are tho incompatible with a finish when it is inner the aforesaid(prenominal) VP, with differences frequently strongly low-level on change \nintonational patterns . \nDetermination of N2 modifiers in Spanish nominal syntagmatic compounds by Henrik Hoeg muller: pounder conducts a super focus run of differences amidst two types of what he calls nominal syntagmatic compounds, one with and one without the definite article, as exemplified by crisis de la energia energy crisis and fuente de energia energy source. He concludes that the definite article attributes to N2 each a denotative knowledge or a standard reading, speckle the zero determiner brings roughly an comment as either a plenteousness or concept. This is pertinent to the papers by stripped (see above) and Longobardi (discussed near below).